TYT Science Topics: Physics, Chemistry and Biology Explained

TYT science topics take up a smaller part of YKS than Turkish or maths, but they matter for every student. The science test (Fen Bilimleri) has 20 of the 120 TYT questions: 7 in physics, 7 in chemistry and 6 in biology. Because the units come from the school curriculum, you can study them in a clear order. In this guide, we list the official units, show what the 2026 paper asked and give a practical study order with tips.

Why TYT science matters for every student

In the TYT score, science carries a weight of 17, the same as social sciences, while Turkish and basic maths carry 33 each. TYT itself makes up 40% of every SAY, EA, SÖZ and DİL score. So science nets help you even if you never plan to study medicine or engineering. In addition, two-year associate degree programs (önlisans) use the TYT score alone.

For SAY students, TYT science also has a second role, because it is the base for AYT science. That test has 40 questions and makes up 30% of the SAY score, and our guide to AYT science topics explains that next step.

Where the official TYT science topics come from

The 2026 YKS guide makes candidates responsible for the topics in MEB’s list of outcomes for the 2026 exams. This long document is the official topic list. It follows each subject grade by grade, from 9th to 12th. However, it does not say which topics belong to TYT and which belong to AYT. ÖSYM only describes TYT as a test of your ability to use basic concepts and principles.

So no official rule limits the TYT science topics to certain grades. In practice, though, the 2026 science questions came from 9th- and 10th-grade units, as our count below shows.

Will the topics change in 2027?

MEB has announced a new, skills-based question model for YKS from 2028, the year the first students of the new curriculum sit the exam. It also said that the exam structure is not changing for now. So the 2027 exam should still follow the current lists, but check the 2027 ÖSYM guide when it comes out.

TYT science topics by subject and grade

In ÖSYM’s 2026 booklet, physics came first (questions 1–7), then chemistry (8–14) and finally biology (15–20).

Physics: 7 questions

In 9th grade, the list covers an introduction to physics, matter and its properties, motion and force, energy, heat and temperature, and electrostatics. Then 10th grade adds electricity and magnetism, pressure and buoyancy, waves and optics.

Chemistry: 7 questions

The 9th-grade units are the science of chemistry, the atom and the periodic table, interactions between chemical species, states of matter, and nature and chemistry. After that, 10th grade brings the basic laws of chemistry and chemical calculations, mixtures, acids, bases and salts, and “chemistry everywhere”.

Biology: 6 questions

Biology starts in 9th grade with life science (the shared features of living things and their basic compounds), the cell, and the world of living things (classification and kingdoms). Next, 10th grade covers cell division (mitosis and meiosis), the principles of inheritance, and ecosystem ecology with current environmental problems.

TYT science topics in the 2026 paper

We read ÖSYM’s 2026 TYT booklet question by question. This is our own reading, not an official breakdown, but it shows where the questions came from.

• Physics: about 4 questions came from 9th grade (density and matter, motion, heat and temperature, electrostatics). The other 3 came from 10th grade (liquid pressure and buoyancy, waves, mirrors).
• Chemistry: again, about 4 questions were on 9th-grade units (bonding, atoms and isotopes, Lewis symbols, vapour pressure). Then about 3 were on 10th-grade units (stoichiometry, mass percentage in solutions, acids, bases and metals).
• Biology: the questions opened with 9th-grade cell topics (cell transport, amino acids, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells). After that, they moved on to 10th-grade cell division.

So in the 2026 paper, the TYT science topics stayed within the 9th- and 10th-grade units. However, that was not true of every TYT test. The same paper also asked about 11th- and 12th-grade topics in history and philosophy, as our guide to TYT social sciences shows.

A practical study order for TYT science topics

1. Start with a level test. First, find out which subject costs you the most nets.
2. Build the 9th-grade core. Begin with matter and motion in physics, atoms and bonding in chemistry, and the cell in biology, because later units rely on them.
3. Move on to 10th grade. Then add electricity, waves and optics, chemical calculations, cell division and inheritance.
4. Study one subject at a time, then mix. Early on, solve 7 physics questions in a row. Closer to the exam, solve all 20 together under time.
5. Use real past papers. ÖSYM’s past papers page has every TYT booklet and answer key since 2018.
6. Track errors by unit. Write down the unit behind every wrong answer and revise it first.

TYT science topics: tips for Arab and international students

• Learn the Turkish terms. Words such as “kütle” (mass), “özkütle” (density), “kuvvet” (force), “ısı” (heat), “basınç” (pressure), “çözelti” (solution), “hücre” (cell) and “kalıtım” (inheritance) run through all the units.
• Practise without a calculator. ÖSYM bans calculators, and you may write only in the margins of the booklet. So train quick, tidy working by hand.
• Skip, then return. Every four wrong answers cancel one correct answer, so leave a hard question and come back later.
• Do not drop science for Turkish and maths. With a weight of 17, science nets still lift your TYT score in every track.

How ILEAP Academy helps with TYT science topics

ILEAP Academy is one of the first Arabic centers in Istanbul specialised in YKS. We start with a level test, so each student knows which TYT science topics to fix first. Teachers explain the topics in Arabic and also train the Turkish of the exam, because the question text is often the real obstacle. In addition, timed practice exams show your nets in each subject, so you can follow your progress. We have three centers in Istanbul, and the same program also runs online. Discover ILEAP Academy to book a level test, then see our list of free YKS resources and the complete YKS exam guide.

Frequently asked questions

How many questions are in TYT science?

There are 20: 7 in physics, 7 in chemistry and 6 in biology. Together they carry a weight of 17 in the TYT score.

Are TYT science topics only from 9th and 10th grade?

Not officially, because MEB’s topic list does not split topics between TYT and AYT. In our reading of the 2026 paper, however, the science questions came from 9th- and 10th-grade units. So those two grades are the best place to start.

Do I need TYT science if I am not a SAY student?

Yes. Science counts in your TYT score, and TYT makes up 40% of the EA, SÖZ and DİL scores too. So even a few extra nets in science can improve your ranking.